March 2018 | Health And News Articles - All about Health and Fitness

Medical News Today: Can humans have mange?

Medical News Today: Can humans have mange?

Microscopic mites can cause sarcoptic mange in animals. Humans get a different form of mange, called scabies. Symptoms include a rash, often...

Medical News Today: Is my pimple infected?

A pimple is more likely to become infected if it is popped. It could be caused by cystic acne or mistaken for a boil. An infected pimple is ...

Medical News Today: How to get rid of an allergic reaction on the face

An allergic reaction on the face can cause symptoms, such as red, raised bumps, swollen lips, and wheezing. They are often caused by beauty ...

Is This Tissue a New Organ? Maybe. A Conduit for Cancer? It Seems Likely.

By JACEY FORTIN from NYT Health https://ift.tt/2pUkjlA

Medical News Today: Are random erections normal?

Erections, or boners, can happen at any time and without stimulation. Males of all ages can experience random erections, often first thing i...

Medical News Today: What to know about hiatal hernia surgery

Surgery is an effective way to treat a hiatal hernia, with a 90–95 percent success rate in relieving symptoms such as acid reflux and GERD. ...

Medical News Today: Childhood friends may protect your adult health

New research suggests that spending time with your buddies as a kid may lead to a healthier weight and better blood pressure levels in adult...

Medical News Today: New drug attacks cancer-causing genes

A new drug that targets cancer-causing genes may help to improve cancer survival rates. Researchers also hope that it might halt obesity-rel...

This Months Highlights

from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2GGFVvS

Unique Gene Expression in Developing Ascending Vasa Recta: A Tale of Tie

from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2E85aSz

Maintenance and Breakdown of Glomerular Tuft Architecture

from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2GXusWH

We AIM2 Inflame

from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2pRsXkP

Evaluation of Potential Living Kidney Donors in the APOL1 Era

from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2H0vCRq

Gender Disparities and Financial Barriers to Living Kidney Donation

from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2E6rP1R

Targeting Zero Infections in Dialysis: New Devices, Yes, but also Guidelines, Checklists, and a Culture of Safety

from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2GZBoCO

Bariatric Surgery and Kidney Health

from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2E6Jarp

Filtering the Evidence: Is There a Cognitive Cost of Hemodialysis?

from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2GYyA8V

HIV-Positive Kidney Donor Selection for HIV-Positive Transplant Recipients

The risks associated with transplanting HIV-positive kidneys into HIV-positive recipients have not been well studied. Since 2008, 43 kidneys from 25 HIV-positive deceased donors have been transplanted into patients who are HIV positive in Cape Town, South Africa. Among the donors, 19 (76%) died secondary to trauma. The average age for donors was 34 (interquartile range, 19–52) years old. In some donors, only one kidney was used because of a limited number of suitable recipients on the waiting list. Only two donors had been previously exposed to antiretroviral triple therapy. In 23 of the deceased organ donors, the HIV status was not known before the time of death. Initial concerns about transplanting HIV-positive allografts into HIV-positive recipients in this clinic revolved around the possibility of HIV superinfection. However, all recipients remained virally suppressed several years after the transplant. Only one recipient experienced an increased viral load after the transplant, which was related to a period of noncompliance on her medication. After counseling and improved compliance, the viral load decreased and became suppressed again. Herein, we discuss the findings of this study and review the literature available on this crucial topic.
 
 
from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2E88A7T

HIV-Positive Kidney Donor Selection for HIV-Positive Transplant Recipients

The risks associated with transplanting HIV-positive kidneys into HIV-positive recipients have not been well studied. Since 2008, 43 kidneys...

Ascending Vasa Recta Are Angiopoietin/Tie2-Dependent Lymphatic-Like Vessels

Urinary concentrating ability is central to mammalian water balance and depends on a medullary osmotic gradient generated by a countercurrent multiplication mechanism. Medullary hyperosmolarity is protected from washout by countercurrent exchange and efficient removal of interstitial fluid resorbed from the loop of Henle and collecting ducts. In most tissues, lymphatic vessels drain excess interstitial fluid back to the venous circulation. However, the renal medulla is devoid of classic lymphatics. Studies have suggested that the fenestrated ascending vasa recta (AVRs) drain the interstitial fluid in this location, but this function has not been conclusively shown. We report that late gestational deletion of the angiopoietin receptor endothelial tyrosine kinase 2 (Tie2) or both angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 prevents AVR formation in mice. The absence of AVR associated with rapid accumulation of fluid and cysts in the medullary interstitium, loss of medullary vascular bundles, and decreased urine concentrating ability. In transgenic reporter mice with normal angiopoietin-Tie2 signaling, medullary AVR exhibited an unusual hybrid endothelial phenotype, expressing lymphatic markers (prospero homeobox protein 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3) as well as blood endothelial markers (CD34, endomucin, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1, and plasmalemmal vesicle–associated protein). Taken together, our data redefine the AVRs as Tie2 signaling–dependent specialized hybrid vessels and provide genetic evidence of the critical role of AVR in the countercurrent exchange mechanism and the structural integrity of the renal medulla.
 
 
from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2GZ7379

Ascending Vasa Recta Are Angiopoietin/Tie2-Dependent Lymphatic-Like Vessels

Urinary concentrating ability is central to mammalian water balance and depends on a medullary osmotic gradient generated by a countercurren...

The Adiponectin Receptor Agonist AdipoRon Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy in a Model of Type 2 Diabetes

Adiponectin exerts renoprotective effects against diabetic nephropathy (DN) by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor–α (PPARα) pathway through adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs). AdipoRon is an orally active synthetic adiponectin receptor agonist. We investigated the expression of AdipoRs and the associated intracellular pathways in 27 patients with type 2 diabetes and examined the effects of AdipoRon on DN development in male C57BLKS/J db/db mice, glomerular endothelial cells (GECs), and podocytes. The extent of glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis correlated with renal function deterioration in human kidneys. Expression of AdipoR1, AdipoR2, and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase–β (CaMKKβ) and numbers of phosphorylated liver kinase B1 (LKB1)– and AMPK-positive cells significantly decreased in the glomeruli of early stage human DN. AdipoRon treatment restored diabetes-induced renal alterations in db/db mice. AdipoRon exerted renoprotective effects by directly activating intrarenal AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, which increased CaMKKβ, phosphorylated Ser431LKB1, phosphorylated Thr172AMPK, and PPARα expression independently of the systemic effects of adiponectin. AdipoRon-induced improvement in diabetes-induced oxidative stress and inhibition of apoptosis in the kidneys ameliorated relevant intracellular pathways associated with lipid accumulation and endothelial dysfunction. In high-glucose–treated human GECs and murine podocytes, AdipoRon increased intracellular Ca2+ levels that activated a CaMKKβ/phosphorylated Ser431LKB1/phosphorylated Thr172AMPK/PPARα pathway and downstream signaling, thus decreasing high-glucose–induced oxidative stress and apoptosis and improving endothelial dysfunction. AdipoRon further produced cardioprotective effects through the same pathway demonstrated in the kidney. Our results show that AdipoRon ameliorates GEC and podocyte injury by activating the intracellular Ca2+/LKB1-AMPK/PPARα pathway, suggesting its efficacy for treating type 2 diabetes–associated DN.
 
 
from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2GqhLmb

The Adiponectin Receptor Agonist AdipoRon Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy in a Model of Type 2 Diabetes

Adiponectin exerts renoprotective effects against diabetic nephropathy (DN) by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/peroxisome...

Nephronectin Regulates Mesangial Cell Adhesion and Behavior in Glomeruli

A critical aspect of kidney function occurs at the glomerulus, the capillary network that filters the blood. The glomerular basement membrane (GBM) is a key component of filtration, yet our understanding of GBM interactions with mesangial cells, specialized pericytes that provide structural stability to glomeruli, is limited. We investigated the role of nephronectin (Npnt), a GBM component and known ligand of α8β1 integrin. Immunolocalization and in situ hybridization studies in kidneys of adult mice revealed that nephronectin is produced by podocytes and deposited into the GBM. Conditional deletion of Npnt from nephron progenitors caused a pronounced increase in mesangial cell number and mesangial sclerosis. Nephronectin colocalized with α8β1 integrin to novel, specialized adhesion structures that occurred at sites of mesangial cell protrusion at the base of the capillary loops. Absence of nephronectin disrupted these adhesion structures, leading to mislocalization of α8β1. Podocyte-specific deletion of Npnt also led to mesangial sclerosis in mice. These results demonstrate a novel role for nephronectin and α8β1 integrin in a newly described adhesion complex and begin to uncover the molecular interactions between the GBM and mesangial cells, which govern mesangial cell behavior and may have a role in pathologic states.
 
 
from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2GE4utt

Nephronectin Regulates Mesangial Cell Adhesion and Behavior in Glomeruli

A critical aspect of kidney function occurs at the glomerulus, the capillary network that filters the blood. The glomerular basement membran...

The MFHR1 Fusion Protein Is a Novel Synthetic Multitarget Complement Inhibitor with Therapeutic Potential

The complement system is essential for host defense, but uncontrolled complement system activation leads to severe, mostly renal pathologies, such as atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome or C3 glomerulopathy. Here, we investigated a novel combinational approach to modulate complement activation by targeting C3 and the terminal pathway simultaneously. The synthetic fusion protein MFHR1 links the regulatory domains of complement factor H (FH) with the C5 convertase/C5b-9 inhibitory fragment of the FH-related protein 1. In vitro, MFHR1 showed cofactor and decay acceleration activity and inhibited C5 convertase activation and C5b-9 assembly, which prevented C3b deposition and reduced C3a/C5a and C5b-9 generation. Furthermore, this fusion protein showed the ability to escape deregulation by FH-related proteins and form multimeric complexes with increased inhibitory activity. In addition to substantially inhibiting alternative and classic pathway activation, MFHR1 blocked hemolysis mediated by serum from a patient with aHUS expressing truncated FH. In FH–/– mice, MFHR1 administration augmented serum C3 levels, reduced abnormal glomerular C3 deposition, and ameliorated C3 glomerulopathy. Taking the unique design of MFHR1 into account, we suggest that the combination of proximal and terminal cascade inhibition together with the ability to form multimeric complexes explain the strong inhibitory capacity of MFHR1, which offers a novel basis for complement therapeutics.
 
 
from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2Gnae7A

The MFHR1 Fusion Protein Is a Novel Synthetic Multitarget Complement Inhibitor with Therapeutic Potential

The complement system is essential for host defense, but uncontrolled complement system activation leads to severe, mostly renal pathologies...

Exogenous Gene Transmission of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 2 Mimics Ischemic Preconditioning Protection

Ischemic preconditioning confers organ-wide protection against subsequent ischemic stress. A substantial body of evidence underscores the importance of mitochondria adaptation as a critical component of cell protection from ischemia. To identify changes in mitochondria protein expression in response to ischemic preconditioning, we isolated mitochondria from ischemic preconditioned kidneys and sham-treated kidneys as a basis for comparison. The proteomic screen identified highly upregulated proteins, including NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), and we confirmed the ability of this protein to confer cellular protection from injury in murine S3 proximal tubule cells subjected to hypoxia. To further evaluate the role of IDH2 in cell protection, we performed detailed analysis of the effects of Idh2 gene delivery on kidney susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Gene delivery of IDH2 before injury attenuated the injury-induced rise in serum creatinine (P<0.05) observed in controls and increased the mitochondria membrane potential (P<0.05), maximal respiratory capacity (P<0.05), and intracellular ATP levels (P<0.05) above those in controls. This communication shows that gene delivery of Idh2 can confer organ-wide protection against subsequent ischemia-reperfusion injury and mimics ischemic preconditioning.
 
 
from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2pU1tLn

Exogenous Gene Transmission of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 2 Mimics Ischemic Preconditioning Protection

Ischemic preconditioning confers organ-wide protection against subsequent ischemic stress. A substantial body of evidence underscores the im...

Macrophage Uptake of Necrotic Cell DNA Activates the AIM2 Inflammasome to Regulate a Proinflammatory Phenotype in CKD

Nonmicrobial inflammation contributes to CKD progression and fibrosis. Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is an inflammasome-forming receptor for double-stranded DNA. AIM2 is expressed in the kidney and activated mainly by macrophages. We investigated the potential pathogenic role of the AIM2 inflammasome in kidney disease. In kidneys from patients with diabetic or nondiabetic CKD, immunofluorescence showed AIM2 expression in glomeruli, tubules, and infiltrating leukocytes. In a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), Aim2 deficiency attenuated the renal injury, fibrosis, and inflammation observed in wild-type (WT) littermates. In bone marrow chimera studies, UUO induced substantially more tubular injury and IL-1β cleavage in Aim2–/– or WT mice that received WT bone marrow than in WT mice that received Aim2–/– bone marrow. Intravital microscopy of the kidney in LysM(gfp/gfp) mice 5–6 days after UUO demonstrated the significant recruitment of GFP+ proinflammatory macrophages that crawled along injured tubules, engulfed DNA from necrotic cells, and expressed active caspase-1. DNA uptake occurred in large vacuolar structures within recruited macrophages but not resident CX3CR1+ renal phagocytes. In vitro, macrophages that engulfed necrotic debris showed AIM2-dependent activation of caspase-1 and IL-1β, as well as the formation of AIM2+ ASC specks. ASC specks are a hallmark of inflammasome activation. Cotreatment with DNaseI attenuated the increase in IL-1β levels, confirming that DNA was the principal damage-associated molecular pattern in this process. Therefore, the activation of the AIM2 inflammasome by DNA from necrotic cells drives a proinflammatory phenotype that contributes to chronic injury in the kidney.
 
 
from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2J4SRKw

Macrophage Uptake of Necrotic Cell DNA Activates the AIM2 Inflammasome to Regulate a Proinflammatory Phenotype in CKD

Nonmicrobial inflammation contributes to CKD progression and fibrosis. Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is an inflammasome-forming receptor for d...

NBCe1-A Regulates Proximal Tubule Ammonia Metabolism under Basal Conditions and in Response to Metabolic Acidosis

Renal ammonia metabolism is the primary mechanism through which the kidneys maintain acid-base homeostasis, but the molecular mechanisms regulating renal ammonia generation are unclear. In these studies, we evaluated the role of the proximal tubule basolateral plasma membrane electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 variant A (NBCe1-A) in this process. Deletion of the NBCe1-A gene caused severe spontaneous metabolic acidosis in mice. Despite this metabolic acidosis, which normally causes a dramatic increase in ammonia excretion, absolute urinary ammonia concentration was unaltered. Additionally, NBCe1-A deletion almost completely blocked the ability to increase ammonia excretion after exogenous acid loading. Under basal conditions and during acid loading, urine pH was more acidic in mice with NBCe1-A deletion than in wild-type controls, indicating that the abnormal ammonia excretion was not caused by a primary failure of urine acidification. Instead, NBCe1-A deletion altered the expression levels of multiple enzymes involved in proximal tubule ammonia generation, including phosphate-dependent glutaminase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and glutamine synthetase, under basal conditions and after exogenous acid loading. Deletion of NBCe1-A did not impair expression of key proteins involved in collecting duct ammonia secretion. These studies demonstrate that the integral membrane protein NBCe1-A has a critical role in basal and acidosis-stimulated ammonia metabolism through the regulation of proximal tubule ammonia-metabolizing enzymes.
 
 
from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2E7WJGW

NBCe1-A Regulates Proximal Tubule Ammonia Metabolism under Basal Conditions and in Response to Metabolic Acidosis

Renal ammonia metabolism is the primary mechanism through which the kidneys maintain acid-base homeostasis, but the molecular mechanisms reg...

Protein Kinase 2{beta} Is Expressed in Neural Crest-Derived Urinary Pacemaker Cells and Required for Pyeloureteric Contraction

Nonobstructive hydronephrosis, defined as dilatation of the renal pelvis with or without dilatation of the ureter, is the most common antenatal abnormality detected by fetal ultrasound. Yet, the etiology of nonobstructive hydronephrosis is poorly defined. We previously demonstrated that defective development of urinary tract pacemaker cells (utPMCs) expressing hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 3 (HCN3) and the stem cell marker cKIT causes abnormal ureteric peristalsis and nonobstructive hydronephrosis. However, further investigation of utPMC development and function is limited by lack of knowledge regarding the embryonic derivation, development, and molecular apparatus of these cells. Here, we used lineage tracing in mice to identify cells that give rise to utPMCs. Neural crest cells (NCCs) indelibly labeled with tdTomato expressed HCN3 and cKIT. Furthermore, purified HCN3+ and cKIT+ utPMCs were enriched in Sox10 and Tfap-2α, markers of NCCs. Sequencing of purified RNA from HCN3+ cells revealed enrichment of a small subset of RNAs, including RNA encoding protein kinase 2β (PTK2β), a Ca2+-dependent tyrosine kinase that regulates ion channel activity in neurons. Immunofluorescence analysis in situ revealed PTK2β expression in NCCs as early as embryonic day 12.5 and in HCN3+ and cKIT+ utPMCs as early as embryonic day 15.5, with sustained expression in HCN3+ utPMCs until postnatal week 8. Pharmacologic inhibition of PTK2β in murine pyeloureteral tissue explants inhibited contraction frequency. Together, these results demonstrate that utPMCs are derived from NCCs, identify new markers of utPMCs, and demonstrate a functional contribution of PTK2β to utPMC function.
 
 
from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2J5JgDm

Protein Kinase 2{beta} Is Expressed in Neural Crest-Derived Urinary Pacemaker Cells and Required for Pyeloureteric Contraction

Nonobstructive hydronephrosis, defined as dilatation of the renal pelvis with or without dilatation of the ureter, is the most common antena...

IL-17C/IL-17 Receptor E Signaling in CD4+ T Cells Promotes TH17 Cell-Driven Glomerular Inflammation

The IL-17 cytokine family and the cognate receptors thereof have a unique role in organ-specific autoimmunity. Most studies have focused on the founding member of the IL-17 family, IL-17A, as the central mediator of diseases. Indeed, although pathogenic functions have been ascribed to IL-17A and IL-17F in the context of immune-mediated glomerular diseases, the specific functions of the other IL-17 family members in immunity and inflammatory kidney diseases is largely unknown. Here, we report that compared with healthy controls, patients with acute Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmatic antibody (ANCA)-associated crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN) had significantly elevated serum levels of IL-17C (but not IL-17A, F, or E). In mouse models of crescentic GN (nephrotoxic nephritis) and pristane-induced lupus nephritis, deficiency in IL-17C significantly ameliorated the course of GN in terms of renal tissue injury and kidney function. Deficiency of the unique IL-17C receptor IL-17 receptor E (IL-17RE) provided similar protection against crescentic GN. These protective effects associated with a reduced TH17 response. Bone marrow transplantation experiments revealed that IL-17C is produced by tissue-resident cells, but not by lymphocytes. Finally, IL-17RE was highly expressed by CD4+ TH17 cells, and loss of this expression prevented the TH17 responses and subsequent tissue injury in crescentic GN. Our findings indicate that IL-17C promotes TH17 cell responses and immune-mediated kidney disease via IL-17RE expressed on CD4+ TH17 cells. Targeting the IL-17C/IL-17RE pathway may present an intriguing therapeutic strategy for TH17-induced autoimmune disorders.
 
 
from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2E7WE66

IL-17C/IL-17 Receptor E Signaling in CD4+ T Cells Promotes TH17 Cell-Driven Glomerular Inflammation

The IL-17 cytokine family and the cognate receptors thereof have a unique role in organ-specific autoimmunity. Most studies have focused on ...

Impairment of PPAR{alpha} and the Fatty Acid Oxidation Pathway Aggravates Renal Fibrosis during Aging

Defects in the renal fatty acid oxidation (FAO) pathway have been implicated in the development of renal fibrosis. Although, compared with young kidneys, aged kidneys show significantly increased fibrosis with impaired kidney function, the mechanisms underlying the effects of aging on renal fibrosis have not been investigated. In this study, we investigated peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α (PPARα) and the FAO pathway as regulators of age-associated renal fibrosis. The expression of PPARα and the FAO pathway–associated proteins significantly decreased with the accumulation of lipids in the renal tubular epithelial region during aging in rats. In particular, decreased PPARα protein expression associated with increased expression of PPARα-targeting microRNAs. Among the microRNAs with increased expression during aging, miR-21 efficiently decreased PPARα expression and impaired FAO when ectopically expressed in renal epithelial cells. In cells pretreated with oleic acid to induce lipid stress, miR-21 treatment further enhanced lipid accumulation. Furthermore, treatment with miR-21 significantly exacerbated the TGF-β–induced fibroblast phenotype of epithelial cells. We verified the physiologic importance of our findings in a calorie restriction model. Calorie restriction rescued the impaired FAO pathway during aging and slowed fibrosis development. Finally, compared with kidneys of aged littermate controls, kidneys of aged PPARα–/– mice showed exaggerated lipid accumulation, with decreased activity of the FAO pathway and a severe fibrosis phenotype. Our results suggest that impaired renal PPARα signaling during aging aggravates renal fibrosis development, and targeting PPARα is useful for preventing age-associated CKD.
 
 
from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2J7OjDo

Impairment of PPAR{alpha} and the Fatty Acid Oxidation Pathway Aggravates Renal Fibrosis during Aging

Defects in the renal fatty acid oxidation (FAO) pathway have been implicated in the development of renal fibrosis. Although, compared with y...

Wnt9a Promotes Renal Fibrosis by Accelerating Cellular Senescence in Tubular Epithelial Cells

Cellular senescence is associated with renal disease progression, and accelerated tubular cell senescence promotes the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. We assessed the potential role of Wnt9a in tubular cell senescence and renal fibrosis. Compared with tubular cells of normal subjects, tubular cells of humans with a variety of nephropathies and those of several mouse models of CKD expressed high levels of Wnt9a that colocalized with the senescence-related protein p16INK4A. Wnt9a expression level correlated with the extent of renal fibrosis, decline of eGFR, and expression of p16INK4A. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Wnt9a after ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) induced activation of β-catenin and exacerbated renal fibrosis. Overexpression of Wnt9a exacerbated tubular senescence, evidenced by increased detection of p16INK4A expression and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Conversely, shRNA-mediated knockdown of Wnt9a repressed IRI-induced renal fibrosis in vivo and impeded the growth of senescent tubular epithelial cells in culture. Notably, Wnt9a-induced renal fibrosis was inhibited by shRNA-mediated silencing of p16INK4A in the IRI mouse model. In a human proximal tubular epithelial cell line and primary renal tubular cells, Wnt9a remarkably upregulated levels of senescence-related p16INK4A, p19ARF, p53, and p21 and decreased the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. Wnt9a also induced senescent tubular cells to produce TGF-β1, which promoted proliferation and activation in normal rat kidney fibroblasts. Thus, Wnt9a drives tubular senescence and fibroblast activation. Furthermore, the Wnt9a–TGF-β pathway appears to create a reciprocal activation loop between senescent tubular cells and activated fibroblasts that promotes and accelerates the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis.
 
 
from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2E7WziO

Wnt9a Promotes Renal Fibrosis by Accelerating Cellular Senescence in Tubular Epithelial Cells

Cellular senescence is associated with renal disease progression, and accelerated tubular cell senescence promotes the pathogenesis of renal...

Fibroblast-Specific {beta}-Catenin Signaling Dictates the Outcome of AKI

AKI is a devastating condition with high morbidity and mortality. The pathologic features of AKI are characterized by tubular injury, inflammation, and vascular impairment. Whether fibroblasts in the renal interstitium have a role in the pathogenesis of AKI is unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of fibroblast-specific β-catenin signaling in dictating the outcome of AKI, using conditional knockout mice in which β-catenin was specifically ablated in fibroblasts (Gli1-β-cat–/–). After ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), Gli1-β-cat–/– mice had lower serum creatinine levels and less morphologic injury than Gli1-β-cat+/+ littermate controls. Moreover, we detected fewer apoptotic cells, as well as decreased cytochrome C release; reduced expression of Bax, FasL, and p53; and increased phosphorylation of Akt, in the Gli1-β-cat–/– kidneys. Gli1-β-cat–/– kidneys also exhibited upregulated expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67, which are markers of cell proliferation. Furthermore, Gli1-β-cat–/– kidneys displayed suppressed NF-B signaling and cytokine expression and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells. Notably, loss of β-catenin in fibroblasts induced renal expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and augmented the tyrosine phosphorylation of c-met receptor after IRI. In vitro, treatment with Wnt ligands or ectopic expression of active β-catenin inhibited HGF mRNA and protein expression and repressed HGF promoter activity. Collectively, these results suggest that fibroblast-specific β-catenin signaling can control tubular injury and repair in AKI by modulating HGF expression. Our studies uncover a previously unrecognized role for interstitial fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of AKI.
 
 
from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2J2DyCd

Fibroblast-Specific {beta}-Catenin Signaling Dictates the Outcome of AKI

AKI is a devastating condition with high morbidity and mortality. The pathologic features of AKI are characterized by tubular injury, inflam...

Endogenous IL-33 Contributes to Kidney Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury as an Alarmin

Inflammation is a prominent feature of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), which is characterized by leukocyte infiltration and renal tubular injury. However, signals that initiate these events remain poorly understood. We examined the role of the nuclear alarmin IL-33 in tissue injury and innate immune response triggered by experimental kidney ischemia-reperfusion. In wild-type mice, we found that IL-33 was constitutively expressed throughout the kidney in peritubular and periglomerular spaces, mainly by microvascular endothelial cells, from which it was released immediately during IRI. Compared with wild-type mice, mice lacking IL-33 (IL-33Gt/Gt) exhibited reductions in early tubular cell injury and subsequent renal infiltration of IFN-/IL-17A–producing neutrophils, with preservation of renal functions. This protection associated with decreased renal recruitment of myeloid dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, the latter of which were reported as deleterious in IRI. Increases in the level of circulating IL-12, a key IL-33 cofactor, and the expression of ST2, an IL-33–specific receptor, on the surface of iNKT cells preceded the IL-33– and iNKT cell–dependent phase of neutrophil infiltration. Furthermore, IL-33 directly targeted iNKT cells in vitro, inducing IFN- and IL-17A production. We propose that endogenous IL-33 is released as an alarmin and contributes to kidney IRI by promoting iNKT cell recruitment and cytokine production, resulting in neutrophil infiltration and activation at the injury site. Our findings show a novel molecular mediator contributing to innate immune cell recruitment induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion and may provide therapeutic insights into AKI associated with renal transplantation.
 
 
from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2E7WvzA

Endogenous IL-33 Contributes to Kidney Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury as an Alarmin

Inflammation is a prominent feature of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), which is characterized by leukocyte infiltration and renal tubular...

Effect of Bariatric Surgery on CKD Risk

Obesity is linked to the development and progression of CKD, but whether bariatric surgery protects against CKD is poorly understood. We, therefore, examined whether bariatric surgery influences CKD risk. The study included 2144 adults who underwent bariatric surgery from March of 2006 to April of 2009 and participated in the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery-2 Study cohort. The primary outcome was CKD risk categories as assessed by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) consortium criteria using a combination of eGFR and albuminuria. Patients were 79% women and 87% white, with a median age of 46 years old. Improvements were observed in CKD risk at 1 and 7 years after surgery in patients with moderate baseline CKD risk (63% and 53%, respectively), high baseline risk (78% and 56%, respectively), and very high baseline risk (59% and 23%, respectively). The proportion of patients whose CKD risk worsened was ≤10%; five patients developed ESRD. Sensitivity analyses using year 1 as baseline to minimize the effect of weight loss on serum creatinine and differing eGFR equations offered qualitatively similar results. Treatment with bariatric surgery associated with an improvement in CKD risk categories in a large proportion of patients for up to 7 years, especially in those with moderate and high baseline risk. These findings support consideration of CKD risk in evaluation for bariatric surgery and further study of bariatric surgery as a treatment for high-risk obese patients with CKD.
 
 
from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2J6fIW5

Effect of Bariatric Surgery on CKD Risk

Obesity is linked to the development and progression of CKD, but whether bariatric surgery protects against CKD is poorly understood. We, th...

The Change in Living Kidney Donation in Women and Men in the United States (2005-2015): A Population-Based Analysis

The factors underlying the decline in living kidney donation in the United States since 2005 must be understood to inform strategies to ensure access to this option for future patients. Population-based estimates provide a better assessment of donation activity than do trends in the number of living donor transplants. Using data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients and the United States Census, we determined longitudinal changes in living kidney donation between 2005 and 2015, focusing on the effect of sex and income. We used multilevel Poisson models to adjust for differences in age, race, the incidence of ESRD, and geographic factors (including population density, urbanization, and daily commuting). During the study period, the unadjusted rate of donation was 30.1 and 19.3 per million population in women and men, respectively, and the adjusted incidence of donation was 44% higher in women (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.44; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.39 to 1.49). The incidence of donation was stable in women (IRR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.07) but declined in men (IRR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.83). Income was associated with longitudinal changes in donation in both sexes, yet donation was stable in the highest two population income quartiles in women but only in the highest income quartile in men. In both sexes, living related donations declined, irrespective of income. In conclusion, living donation declined in men but remained stable in women between 2005 and 2015, and income appeared to have a greater effect on living donation in men.
 
 
from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2pU0Ykt

The Change in Living Kidney Donation in Women and Men in the United States (2005-2015): A Population-Based Analysis

The factors underlying the decline in living kidney donation in the United States since 2005 must be understood to inform strategies to ensu...

APOL1 Genotype and Renal Function of Black Living Donors

Black living kidney donors are at higher risk of developing kidney disease than white donors. We examined the effect of the APOL1 high-risk genotype on postdonation renal function in black living kidney donors and evaluated whether this genotype alters the association between donation and donor outcome. We grouped 136 black living kidney donors as APOL1 high-risk (two risk alleles; n=19; 14%) or low-risk (one or zero risk alleles; n=117; 86%) genotype. Predonation characteristics were similar between groups, except for lower mean±SD baseline eGFR (CKD-EPI equation) in donors with the APOL1 high-risk genotype (98±17 versus 108±20 ml/min per 1.73 m2; P=0.04). At a median of 12 years after donation, donors with the APOL1 high-risk genotype had lower eGFR (57±18 versus 67±15 ml/min per 1.73 m2; P=0.02) and faster decline in eGFR after adjusting for predonation eGFR (1.19; 95% confidence interval, 0 to 2.3 versus 0.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.1 to 0.7 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year, P=0.02). Two donors developed ESRD; both carried the APOL1 high-risk genotype. In a subgroup of 115 donors matched to 115 nondonors by APOL1 genotype, we did not find a difference between groups in the rate of eGFR decline (P=0.39) or any statistical interaction by APOL1 status (P=0.92). In conclusion, APOL1 high-risk genotype in black living kidney donors associated with greater decline in postdonation kidney function. Trajectory of renal function was similar between donors and nondonors. The association between APOL1 high-risk genotype and poor renal outcomes in kidney donors requires validation in a larger study.
 
 
from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2J6JDgT

APOL1 Genotype and Renal Function of Black Living Donors

Black living kidney donors are at higher risk of developing kidney disease than white donors. We examined the effect of the APOL1 high-risk...

Hemodialysis Induces an Acute Decline in Cerebral Blood Flow in Elderly Patients

The initiation of hemodialysis is associated with an accelerated decline of cognitive function and an increased incidence of cerebrovascular accidents and white matter lesions. Investigators have hypothesized that the repetitive circulatory stress of hemodialysis induces ischemic cerebral injury, but the mechanism is unclear. We studied the acute effect of conventional hemodialysis on cerebral blood flow (CBF), measured by [15O]H2O positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT). During a single hemodialysis session, three [15O]H2O PET-CT scans were performed: before, early after the start of, and at the end of hemodialysis. We used linear mixed models to study global and regional CBF change during hemodialysis. Twelve patients aged ≥65 years (five women, seven men), with a median dialysis vintage of 46 months, completed the study. Mean (±SD) arterial BP declined from 101±11 mm Hg before hemodialysis to 93±17 mm Hg at the end of hemodialysis. From before the start to the end of hemodialysis, global CBF declined significantly by 10%±15%, from a mean of 34.5 to 30.5 ml/100g per minute (difference, –4.1 ml/100 g per minute; 95% confidence interval, –7.3 to –0.9 ml/100 g per minute; P=0.03). CBF decline (20%) was symptomatic in one patient. Regional CBF declined in all volumes of interest, including the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes; cerebellum; and thalamus. Higher tympanic temperature, ultrafiltration volume, ultrafiltration rate, and pH significantly associated with lower CBF. Thus, conventional hemodialysis induces a significant reduction in global and regional CBF in elderly patients. Repetitive intradialytic decreases in CBF may be one mechanism by which hemodialysis induces cerebral ischemic injury.
 
 
from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2pREZuk

Hemodialysis Induces an Acute Decline in Cerebral Blood Flow in Elderly Patients

The initiation of hemodialysis is associated with an accelerated decline of cognitive function and an increased incidence of cerebrovascular...

Blood HER2 and Uromodulin as Causal Mediators of CKD

Many biomarkers have been epidemiologically linked with CKD; however, the possibility that such associations are due to reverse causation or confounding limits the utility of these biomarkers. To overcome this limitation, we used a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to identify causal mediators of CKD. We performed MR by first identifying genetic determinants of 227 serum protein biomarkers assayed in 4147 participants of the Outcome Reduction with Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial who had early or prediabetes, and assessing the effects of these biomarkers on CKD in the CKD genetics consortium (n=117,165; 12,385 cases) using the inverse-variance weighted (fixed-effects) method. We then estimated the relationship between the serum concentration of each biomarker identified and incident CKD in ORIGIN participants. MR identified uromodulin (UMOD) and human EGF receptor 2 (HER2) as novel, causal mediators of CKD (UMOD: odds ratio [OR], 1.30 per SD; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.25 to 1.35; P<5x10–20; HER2: OR, 1.30 per SD; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.48; P=8.0x10–5). Consistent with these findings, blood HER2 concentration associated with CKD events in ORIGIN participants (OR, 1.07 per SD; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.13; P=0.01). Additional exploratory MR analyses identified angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) as a regulator of HER2 levels (β=0.13 per SD; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.16; P=2.5x10–7). This finding was corroborated by an inverse relationship between ACE inhibitor use and HER2 levels. Thus, UMOD and HER2 are independent causal mediators of CKD in humans, and serum HER2 levels are regulated in part by ACE. These biomarkers are potential therapeutic targets for CKD prevention.
 
 
from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2Ja0ZcS

Blood HER2 and Uromodulin as Causal Mediators of CKD

Many biomarkers have been epidemiologically linked with CKD; however, the possibility that such associations are due to reverse causation or...

Cluster-Randomized Trial of Devices to Prevent Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection

Central venous catheters (CVCs) contribute disproportionately to bloodstream infection (BSI) and, by extension, to infection-related hospitalization, mortality, and health care costs in patients undergoing dialysis. Recent product advancements may reduce BSIs, but a sufficiently powered comparative-effectiveness study is needed to facilitate evidence-based patient care decisions. In a 13-month, prospective, cluster-randomized, open-label trial, we compared BSI rates in facilities using ClearGuard HD antimicrobial barrier caps (ClearGuard group) with those in facilities using Tego hemodialysis connectors plus Curos disinfecting caps (Tego+Curos group). Forty DaVita dialysis facilities in the United States were pair-matched by BSI rate, number of patients using CVCs, and geographic location, and then cluster randomized 1:1. We enrolled all adult patients undergoing dialysis with CVCs at these facilities, except those allergic to heparin or chlorhexidine. Overall, 1671 patients participated in the study, accruing >183,000 CVC-days. The study outcome was positive blood culture (PBC) rate as an indicator of BSI rate. We calculated results at the cluster level and adjusted for the facility cluster effect. During a 3-month run-in period immediately before study interventions, the groups had similar BSI rates (P=0.8). During the 13-month intervention period that immediately followed, the ClearGuard group had a BSI rate significantly lower than that of the Tego+Curos group (0.28 versus 0.75 PBCs per 1000 CVC-days, respectively; P=0.001). No device-related adverse events were reported. In conclusion, compared with Tego connectors plus Curos caps, ClearGuard HD antimicrobial barrier caps significantly lowered the rate of catheter-related BSIs in patients undergoing hemodialysis using CVCs, representing an important advancement in hemodialysis patient care.
 
 
from Journal of the American Society of Nephrology current issue https://ift.tt/2pU54J8

Cluster-Randomized Trial of Devices to Prevent Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection

Central venous catheters (CVCs) contribute disproportionately to bloodstream infection (BSI) and, by extension, to infection-related hospita...

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Boils and pimples may have similar appearances, but they often have different causes. Learn how to tell boils from pimples and treat outbrea...

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Fox News Breaking News Alert Austin serial bombing suspect identified as Mark Anthony Conditt: AP 03/21/18 9:37 AM

Medical News Today: Can aloe vera help with acne?

Aloe vera has antibacterial properties and a good track record in treating acne. Learn about different ways to use aloe vera for reducing pi...

Medical News Today: Booze may make the heart beat faster

A study of more than 3,000 adults who attended the 2015 Munich Oktoberfest reveals that drinking can increase our heart rate, but should we ...

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Fox News Breaking News Alert Austin serial bomber identified as 24-year-old male 03/21/18 6:24 AM

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Fox News Breaking News Alert Austin bombing suspect kills self with explosive as police close in, reports say 03/21/18 5:08 AM

Medical News Today: Platypus milk: The key to preventing deadly infections?

Everyone knows that the platypus is an oddball. However, platypus milk might help us find a solution to a pressing problem: antibiotic resis...

Medical News Today: Cholesterol deposits in the eyes: Symptoms and treatment

Cholesterol can deposit around the eyes and form fatty, yellow lumps. Learn about the causes, symptoms, and treatments for cholesterol depos...

Medical News Today: Why you should choose your plane seat wisely

Are you scared that you may bring someone else's germs home as a souvenir after a flight? A new study gives us better clues as to how to...

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Fox News Breaking News Alert At least 1 hurt in new reported package explosion in southwestern Austin 03/20/18 8:24 PM

N.I.H. to Investigate Outreach to Alcohol Companies

By RONI CARYN RABIN from NYT Health http://ift.tt/2DFuy1L

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Fox News Breaking News Alert Cambridge Analytica suspends CEO amid investigation into improperly accessed Facebook accounts 03/20/18 3:5...

Medical News Today: What could be causing my collarbone pain?

Collarbone pain is common. Some causes are easy to manage, while others require emergency treatment. Learn more about symptoms and when to s...

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Fox News Breaking News Alert Cop who fatally shot unarmed Australian woman in 2017 turns himself in, charges pending 03/20/18 1:09 PM

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Fox News Breaking News Alert Cop who fatally shot unarmed Australian woman in 2017 turns himself in, charges pending 03/20/18 1:03 PM

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Fox News Breaking News Alert Trump: Texas bomber is 'very sick,' says 'we will get to the bottom of it' 03/20/18 12:41 P...

Medical News Today: The 10 best blogs for fibromyalgia

Are you feeling alone with your fibromyalgia diagnosis? We have found the best fibromyalgia blogs that provide support, tips, and coping str...

Medical News Today: What the color of your face reveals about your feelings

A new study reveals the facial color patters that correlate with our emotions, suggesting that we can communicate and decode feelings based ...

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Fox News Breaking News Alert Maryland school shooter dead; armed school resource officer engaged shooter 03/20/18 11:39 AM

Medical News Today: Could omega-6 fatty acids help us live longer?

A study finds that higher blood levels of linoleic acid — the most common omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid — are linked to lower risk of p...

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Fox News Breaking News Alert Officials hold news conference on explosion at San Antonio FedEx plant 03/20/18 10:45 AM

Medical News Today: What does it mean when you see stars?

Many people say they “see stars” when they are seeing flashes of light in their field of vision. Learn about what causes these visual distur...

Medical News Today: Causes and treatment of inner thigh pain

Pain in the inner thigh can have many causes including injury, menstruation, or a hernia. Learn more about causes, treatments, and when to s...

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Fox News Breaking News Alert Shooting at Great Mills High School in Maryland, school confirms 03/20/18 8:38 AM

Medical News Today: Diet for jaundice: What to eat for a healthy liver

A person’s diet plays a major role in jaundice recovery and prevention. Learn about metabolism and what to eat for a healthy liver. from F...

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Fox News Breaking News Alert San Antonio FedEx blast likely linked to Austin bombings, FBI says 03/20/18 6:55 AM

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Fox News Breaking News Alert Device explodes in FedEx building outside San Antonio, police say 03/20/18 5:56 AM

Medical News Today: Feeling fine after one drink? Your brain's not

Researchers have found that even one alcoholic drink can impair our ability to make decisions, and this could have some serious implications...

Medical News Today: Are there natural ways to prevent cavities?

Many home remedies can prevent cavities or stop them at a very early stage. Find out more about causes, preventive strategies, and when to s...

Medical News Today: Essential oils may disrupt normal hormonal activity

A new study has suggested that lavender oil and tea tree oil may interfere with normal hormonal activity, predisposing young boys to gynecom...

Medical News Today: Is clove oil effective for toothache?

In this article, we look at the evidence for clove oil as a treatment for toothache, and investigate whether it has any possible side effect...

Medical News Today: A big breakfast could aid weight loss, glucose control

Starting the day with a big breakfast, followed by a medium lunch and a small dinner, may benefit people with obesity and type 2 diabetes, n...

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Fox News Breaking News Alert Self-driving Uber car kills Arizona pedestrian, police say 03/19/18 1:08 PM

Medical News Today: Transgender surgery can improve life for most, study confirms

A first-of-its kind study uses a transgender-specific questionnaire to assess the quality of life of those choosing gender reassignment surg...

Medical News Today: Breast cancer: Obesity may hinder some treatments

Obesity, which is linked to lower survival in many cancers, may be why drugs that inhibit growth of blood vessels that feed cancer don't...

Medical News Today: What causes black specks in stool?

Black specks in stool can come from diet or something more serious, such as liver problems. Read about causes, symptoms, and when to see a d...

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Fox News Breaking News Alert Cops: 4 Austin bombings show 'similarities,' work of 'serial bomber' 03/19/18 11:25 AM

Medical News Today: Can yogurt treat a yeast infection?

Yogurt is a popular home remedy for yeast infections, and research supports its use. Learn how it works, how to use it, and when to see a do...

Medical News Today: How to get rid of blood-filled pimples

Blood-filled pimples occur after someone picks, squeezes, or pops a regular pimple. Learn about how to treat and prevent them here. from F...

The Struggle to Build a Massive ‘Biobank’ of Patient Data

By GINA KOLATA from NYT Health http://ift.tt/2u7Anpx

Medical News Today: Targeting these brain cells may aid weight loss

Scientists may have found a new obesity treatment, after exploring mice's 'feed or flee' responses and finding that they could t...

Medical News Today: Low-calorie sweeteners may promote metabolic syndrome

New research now suggests that low-calorie sweeteners may actually help to increase fat formulation and lead to metabolic syndrome. from F...

Medical News Today: Sunburn and hell's itch: How to get relief

In rare cases, people with a sunburn may experience an extreme, deep, painful itching called hell’s itch. Learn about treatment options and ...

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Fox News Breaking News Alert Trump to seek death penalty for some drug traffickers in plan to fight opioid crisis 03/18/18 6:33 PM

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Fox News Breaking News Alert Vladimir Putin wins re-election with more than 73.9 percent of the vote, exit polls show 03/18/18 2:18 PM

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Fox News Breaking News Alert Officials recommended Nikolas Cruz be 'involuntarily committed' in 2016, Associated Press reports 0...

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Fox News Breaking News Alert Cirque du Soleil performer dies after falling 15 feet to stage during Florida show 03/18/18 1:26 PM

Medical News Today: When is the best time to drink water?

Drinking water at any time of day helps someone to rehydrate. However, if they drink it at certain times of the day, there may be other cons...

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Fox News Breaking News Alert Gowdy rips Trump's lawyer for comments about Mueller probe 03/18/18 10:44 AM

Medical News Today: What causes a cyst in your earlobe?

When skin cells multiply instead of shedding, cysts may form. Learn more about how earlobe cysts are removed, as well as causes, risks, and ...

Medical News Today: Is olive oil a good moisturizer for your face?

Olive oil has many nutritional benefits when consumed, but it is also frequently applied to the skin and hair. Learn more about how to use i...

Medical News Today: What is a left atrial enlargement?

Left atrial enlargement is linked to several conditions, including atrial fibrillation and heart failure. Learn more about the causes and tr...

Medical News Today: Smoking every day can increase psychosis risk, study finds

Smoking at least 10 cigarettes every day or using marijuana at least five times may raise the risk of developing psychosis, according to two...

Medical News Today: Pneumonia during pregnancy: What you need to know

Pneumonia during pregnancy can cause serious complications if left untreated. Learn to recognize the symptoms and help prevent maternal pneu...

Medical News Today: Don't try too hard to be happy, study warns

You may think that if you just work hard enough, you'll eventually achieve your best life. But are you sabotaging yourself by putting in...

AIDS Researcher Top Candidate to Lead the C.D.C.

By SHEILA KAPLAN from NYT Health http://ift.tt/2HKgIh7

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Fox News Breaking News Alert Fired FBI official McCabe kept notes on Trump, Fox News confirms 03/17/18 3:47 PM

Medical News Today: Is it possible to unclog your arteries?

Prevention is the best treatment for clogged arteries. Learn about causes, prevention, treatment, and risk factors for plaque buildup and at...

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Fox News Breaking News Alert Trump's lawyer calls for Russia probe to be shut down 03/17/18 10:47 AM

Medical News Today: Is it normal to have differently sized testicles?

Most men have asymmetrical testicles. Find out what is normal, what causes enlarged testicles, and how to check for testicular abnormalities...

Medical News Today: How to shrink the prostate naturally

Learn about natural remedies for an enlarged prostate, all of which encourage good prostate health. Included is detail on lifestyle tips and...

Medical News Today: What are these white spots on my nipples?

Learn about different causes of white spots on the nipples, including those linked with breast-feeding. We also look at other symptoms and t...

This Study May Find That Moderate Drinking Is Healthy. The Alcohol Industry Was Asked to Pay for It.

By RONI CARYN RABIN from NYT Health http://ift.tt/2HFdXO4

Medical News Today: Top ten foods for healthy eyes

Foods rich in certain nutrients can have a powerful effect on eye health. Read about 10 foods for healthy eyes, other eye health tips, and w...

Medical News Today: Step up for health: Pedometers 'boost exercise levels for years'

Scientists have found that using pedometers may not only offer short-term benefits, but they also could help to increase exercise levels for...

Medical News Today: Unlocking the personality of a social media addict

Addiction to social media is a real and growing problem. A recent study attempted to develop a picture of the personality traits that increa...

Palliative Care Film Challenges Stereotypes About Opioids

By DONALD G. McNEIL Jr. from NYT Health http://ift.tt/2FJJAJW

Medical News Today: Wired Health 2018: Old tech, new ideas

This year's Wired Health conference gave a sneak peak into the world of health tech. Growing new ideas on firm foundations seems to be t...

Medical News Today: How to treat muscle knots

Muscle knots are small, bump-like areas of muscle that can be painful to the touch. The medical term for muscle knots is myofascial trigger ...

Medical News Today: Major depression: Brain tissue reveals sex-specific gene changes

From analyzing the postmortem brain tissue of adults with major depression, researchers have pinpointed sex-specific changes in gene express...

Medical News Today: What are the best teas for health?

Do you enjoy tea for its flavor or the soothing feeling brought by holding a steaming cup? In this Spotlight, we tell you which brews are be...

Medical News Today: Arthritis supplement may drive skin cancer

Study using mice and cells finds that chondroitin-4-sulfate, a widely used dietary supplement for osteoarthritis, drives cell growth in a ty...

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Fox News Breaking News Alert Rep. Louise Slaughter, D-NY, dead at 88, according to local reports 03/16/18 10:30 AM

Medical News Today: Is it safe to use baking soda on hair?

Increasingly, people are using baking soda to clean their hair. However, this is not always safe. Learn about risks and other natural hair r...

Medical News Today: How deep is a vagina? What to know

Just as woman can have different sized breasts, hands, and feet, the depth of vaginas also varies. Learn about the average depth in this art...

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Fox News Breaking News Alert All seven aboard US military helicopter killed in crash in Iraq 03/16/18 7:48 AM

Medical News Today: What causes acne on the jawline?

A range of factors can cause acne on the jawline. While there is no cure, there are many effective treatments. But can it be prevented? Lear...

Medical News Today: Your brain could be backed up, for a deadly price

Nectome, a start-up company, claim that they could one day preserve the human brain, retrieve memories, and upload them to a computer — but ...

Picture a Leader. Is She a Woman?

By HEATHER MURPHY from NYT Health http://ift.tt/2G0Pbe7

A Quiet Drug Problem Among the Elderly

By PAULA SPAN from NYT Health http://ift.tt/2tPySfn

Medical News Today: Can I get rid of a mole by myself?

Some people use home remedies to get rid of their moles. However, these remedies have not been proven to be safe or effective. Read on to fi...

Medical News Today: How high altitudes could raise risk of depression, suicide

Researchers have found that people who live in states with a higher altitude may be at greater risk of suicide, possibly due to having lower...

Medical News Today: The brain link between coffee and cannabis

In a new study, researchers dissect the metabolic interactions of coffee within the human body. They find an unexpected link with cannabis. ...

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Fox News Breaking News Alert Miami police hold press conference to discuss FIU bridge collapse 03/15/18 4:29 PM

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Fox News Breaking News Alert Several deaths reported after Florida university bridge collapses, official says 03/15/18 2:57 PM

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Fox News Breaking News Alert At least 6 people injured in Florida International University bridge collapse 03/15/18 2:28 PM

What’s Behind Many Mystery Ailments? Genetic Mutations, Study Finds

By CARL ZIMMER from NYT Health http://ift.tt/2ph54Du

Medical News Today: Can you have internal shingles without a rash?

Shingles usually causes a painful, blistering rash. It can also cause internal symptoms, appear without a rash, and may spread to internal o...

Medical News Today: Wired Health 2018: The year of 'Femtech'

Several innovations were presented at this year's Wired Health conference, but women's health — and the tech that supports it — step...

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Fox News Breaking News Alert Video released showing Florida ex-deputy standing outside Parkland school 03/15/18 1:01 PM

Medical News Today: How to deal with bad news

Whether you've lost your job or just found out that a loved one has passed away, bad news of any kind can cause distress. Here are some ...

Medical News Today: How an existing diabetes drug controls pancreatic cancer

A new study suggests that targeting the RET signaling pathway with metformin might offer a new way to stop the growth and spread of pancreat...

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Fox News Breaking News Alert Trump admin imposing fresh sanction on Putin's Russia 03/15/18 10:40 AM

Medical News Today: What causes a lump under the chin?

A lump under the chin may be hard or soft, and tender or painless. This is not always a cause for concern. Learn about causes and when to se...

Medical News Today: How do I get rid of my dry hands?

Dry hands can be uncomfortable and sometimes may crack or bleed. Learn about some of the most effective home remedies for dry hands here. ...

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Fox News Breaking News Alert Russia behind nerve agent attack, US, UK, French and German leaders say 03/15/18 9:05 AM

Medical News Today: Seven causes of pinpoint pupils

Pinpoint pupils are pupils that remain very small even in bright light. They can signify many issues, including drug use, poisoning, or a he...

Medical News Today: Why does my urine smell sweet?

Sweet-smelling urine may be caused by diet, diabetes, or maple syrup urine disease. Learn why urine may smell sweet, treatments, and when to...

Medical News Today: E-cigarettes 'may do more harm than good,' study suggests

Researchers find that e-cigarettes may be more of a hindrance than a help, as they may encourage young adults to take up conventional smokin...

Medical News Today: High fitness may slash dementia risk, study says

A new study from Sweden asks whether the level of physical fitness at middle age could influence women's risk of developing dementia lat...

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Fox News Breaking News Alert Navy F/A-18 jet crashes off Key West, official tells Fox News 03/14/18 5:59 PM

Medical News Today: What causes nausea before a period?

Feeling nauseated before a period is common, and is often linked to PMS. Find out more about causes, treatments, and when to see a doctor. ...

Medical News Today: Could mindfulness prevent major depression?

A weekly session of mindfulness meditation may help to prevent the development of major depression in those with subclinical depression, a n...

Elizabeth Holmes, Theranos C.E.O. and Silicon Valley Star, Accused of Fraud

By KATIE THOMAS from NYT Health http://ift.tt/2pdEjzS

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Fox News Breaking News Alert Larry Kudlow replaces Gary Cohn as National Economic Council director 03/14/18 1:03 PM

Medical News Today: How brown fat could lead to better weight loss drugs

New research suggests that by understanding the specific characteristics of brown fat we may be able to find better therapies for weight man...

Medical News Today: New drug could reduce hot flashes 'by 72 percent'

Fresh analysis of trial data finds that a new class of drug rapidly reduces severity and frequency of hot flashes and other symptoms in meno...

Medical News Today: What are flu vaccines made of and why?

Find out what ingredients are in a flu shot and why. We also discuss the benefits, risks, and side effects of flu shots, and who should avoi...

Medical News Today: Why do I get a pain in my back after eating?

A range of issues can cause back pain after eating, including poor posture, ulcers, and even a heart attack. Learn about symptoms and preven...

Fox News Breaking News Alert

Fox News Breaking News Alert 23 Russian diplomats to be expelled from Britain amid probe into ex-spy's poisoning 03/14/18 8:47 AM

Medical News Today: How do you cure a dry throat?

A dry throat can result in a cracking or croaking feeling while speaking or breathing. There are many potential causes with a range of remed...

Medical News Today: Multiple sclerosis: Have researchers found a key to prevention?

Scientists may be one step closer to finding a way to prevent multiple sclerosis, after identifying a protein that appears to drive the dise...

Medical News Today: Cancer cells' survival strategy defeated with new approach

Cancer cells can evade destruction by entering a 'limbo' state. A new study explains how this happens and suggests a new approach to...

Medical News Today: Why do I have a salty taste in my mouth?

A long-lasting salty taste can signal an underlying illness, infection, or hormone deficiency. Learn more about causes and treatments here. ...